Toxic Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Plants Leaves on the Mortality and Enzymatic Parameters of Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Juveniles
Diligent Efiong Oboho
*
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
Rosemary Anietie Essien
Department of Crop Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Nigeria.
Emem Okon Mbong
Department of Environmental Biology, Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udota Eket, Nigeria.
Henry D. Akpan
Department of Biochemistry, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Akwaowo Uduehe Nelson
Department of Animal Science, Federal Polytechnic Ugep, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Benjamin Uzonna Ononye
Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria.
Udo Inyang John
Department of Biological Sciences, Akwa Ibom State Polytchnic, Ikot Osurua, Nigeria.
Joseph Effiong Eyo
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of leaves extract of three botanicals on the biochemical parameters of insect pest of stored beans, Callosobruchus maculatus. The results of the qualitative phytochemicals revealed the presence of different metabolites such as tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. The toxic effect of methanolic leaves extracts of Lasianthera africana, Hippocratea africana and Uvaria chamae on the mortality and biochemical parameters after treatment against C. maculatus was evaluated. The result showed that treatment of the insects with these extracts significantly increased mortality in C. maculatus. There was a significant inhibition of the enzymatic activities of the digestive enzymes (such as amylase and invertase) in the treated larvae. The transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) were found to be reduced in the insect after treatment (33.2 and 42.6) while the result of the phosphatase (ACP and ALP) enzyme activity showed a potent inhibitory effect of the leaves extract, which was more pronounced in ALP (75.8%) than ACP (31.8%).
Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus, Lasianthera africana, Hippocratea africana, Uvaria chamae, enzymatic, toxicity