Antigens of Three Medically Important Schistosoma spp
Asian Journal of Research in Zoology,
Page 11-27
DOI:
10.9734/ajriz/2022/v5i330139
Abstract
The present study was carryout to review the antigens of three (3) medically important Schistosomes namely: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. The parasites-host relationship, the antigens, the species that produce the antigens, and the functions of the antigens were discussed. Identified antigens include: Sm-24 kDa, Sm108 kDa, Polymorphic mucins, 28/30 kDa Protease, 47 kDa protease, 60 kDa protease, Cercarial Elastase (CE) also called 28/30 kDa, Cathepsin, 22.6 kDa, 23 kDa, 16 kDa/SLP/SPO-1, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), SmEnolase, SmCalp1, 28-kD GST (rSh28GST), 29-kDa, Calpain (Sp80) and SG3PDH. The above mention antigens of the parasites were found to be much important since they enable them to compete with body immunity while carrying out their metabolic activities, reproduction, growth, defense, resistance, and so many other things within the host. Therefore, these antigens are very important in immunological studies; hence, it was recommended that, Since some parasite antigens were found to be promising candidates for developing a vaccine to protect against Schistosoma infection, more parasite antigens should be searched for the best planning and development of numerous strategies that aid in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.
Keywords:
- Antigens
- S. mansoni
- S. haematobium
- S. japonicum
How to Cite
Suleiman, J., T. Isyaku, N., E. Ukatu, V., & Alhaji, Y. I. (2022). Antigens of Three Medically Important Schistosoma spp. Asian Journal of Research in Zoology, 5(3), 11-27. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2022/v5i330139
References
King CH. Toward the elimination of schistosomiasis. England Journal of Medicinal research. 2009;360(2):106- 9.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp0808041, PMID 19129524.
Colley DG, Secor WE. Immunology of human schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol. 2014;36(8):347-57.
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12087.
Greenberg RM. New approaches for understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in schistosomes. Parasitology. 2013;140(12):1534-46.
DOI:10.1017/S0031182013000231, PMID 23552512.
Kasinathan RS, Morgan WM, Greenberg RM. Genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of parasite multidrug resistance transporters disrupts egg production in Schistosoma mansoni. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(12):1425.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001425.
Hotez PJ, Kamath A. Neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(8): e412.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412, PMID 19707588.
Müller JT, Coulibaly T, Fürst I. Effect of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections on physical fitness of school children in Côte d’Ivoire. PLOS Negl Tropical Dis. 2011; 5:12-39.
Butterworth P, Demeure CE, Bourgois A, Prata A, Dessein AJ. Evidence for an association between human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni and high anti-larval IgE levels. European J Immunol. 2016;21:2679-86.
Smithers DW, Gammage TJ. The isolation of a 22 kDa band after SDS-PAGE ofnSchistosoma mansoni adult worms and its use to demonstrate that IgE responses against the antigen(s) it contains are associated with human resistance to reinfection. Parasite Immunol. 2010;19:79-89.
Terry KC. Genetic diversity of a population of Schistosoma haematobium derived from schoolchildren in east central Zimbabwe. J Parasitol. 2014;87(4):762-9.
Hamburger J, Lustigman S, Siongok TK, Ouma JH, Mahmoud AA. Characterization of a purified glycoprotein from Schistosoma mansoni eggs: specificity, stability, and the involvement of carbohydrate and peptide moieties in its serologic activity. J Immunol. 1982;128(4):1864-9. PMID 6174618.
Delves PJ, Martin SJ, Burton DR, Roitt IM. Roitt’s essential immunology. 13th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2017;85. 201-17.
Kotsias F, Cebrian I, Alloatti A. Antigen processing and presentation. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2019;348:69-121.
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.005, PMID 31810556.
Kapingidza AB, Kowal K, Chruszcz M. Antigen-antibody complexes. Subcell Biochem. 2020;94:465-97.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_19, PMID 32189312.
Laura S, Berendam Stella J, Engelhard Victor H. The antigen processing and presentation machinery in lymphatic endothelial cells. Front Immunol. 2019;10(17):225-7.
Saylor K, Gillam F, Lohneis T, Zhang C. Designs of antigen structure and composition for improved protein-based vaccine efficacy. Front Immunol. 2020;10(6):279-83.
Hambrook JR, Hanington PC. Immune evasion strategies of schistosomes. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:624178.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624178, PMID 33613562.
Liu F, Lu J, Hu W. New perspectives on host-parasite interplay by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of Schistosoma japonicum. PLOS Pathol. 2016; 2:29-36.
Hokke CH, Fitzpatrick JM, Hoffmann KF. Integrating transcriptome, proteome and glycome analyses of Schistosoma biology. Trends Parasitol. 2007;23(4):165-74.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2007.02.007, PMID 17336161.
Chitsulo L, LoVerde P, Engels D. Schistosomiasis. National review in. Microbiology. 2014; 2:12-3.
Wilkins HA, Goll PH, Marshall TF, Moore PJ. Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a Gambian community. III. Acquisition and loss of infection. Transm Res Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014;78:227-32.
Knopp S, Ame SM, Person B, Hattendorf J, Rabone M, Juma S et al. A 5-year intervention study on elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: parasitological results of annual cross-sectional surveys. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(5):e0007268.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007268, PMID 31059495.
Pennington LF, Alouffi A, Mbanefo EC, Ray D, Heery DM, Jardetzky TS et al. H-IPSE is a pathogen-secreted host nucleus-infiltrating protein (Infiltrin) expressed exclusively by the Schistosoma haematobium egg stage. Infect Immun. 2017;85(12):e00301-317.
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00301-17, PMID 28923894.
Pearson MS, Pickering DA, McSorley HJ. Enhanced protective efficacy of a chimeric form of the schistosomiasis vaccine antigen Sm-TSP-2. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;6:55-64.
Tanigawa C, Fujii Y, Miura M, Nzou SM, Mwangi AW, Nagi S et al. Species-specific serological detection for schistosomiasis by serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) in multiplex assay. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(8):e0004021.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004021, PMID 26291988.
Gaze S, Driguez P, Pearson MS, Mendes T, Doolan DL, Trieu A et al. An immunomics approach to schistosome antigen discovery: antibody signatures of naturally resistant and chronically infected individuals from endemic areas. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(3):e1004033.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004033, PMID 24675823.
Driguez P, Li Y, Gaze S. Antibody signatures reflect different disease pathologies in patients with schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium. J Infecioust Dis. 2016;213:122-30.
Chen Q, Zhang J, Zheng T, Chen H, Nie H, Zheng B et al. The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, grading and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12(1):611.
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3866-0, PMID 31888743.
Cook RM, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Wilding G, LoVerde PT. Nucleic acid vaccination with Schistosoma mansoni antioxidant enzyme cytosolic superoxide dismutase and the structural protein filamin confers protection against the adult worm stage. Infect Immun. 2004;72(10):6112-24.
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.10.6112-6124.2004, PMID 15385516.
Colley DG, Cook JA, Freeman GL, Jr, Bartholomew RK, Jordan P. Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. I. In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses to heterogeneous antigenic preparations from schistosome eggs, worms and cercariae. Int Allergy Appl Immunol. 2017;53:420-33.
Dresden MH, Sung CK, Deelder AM. A monoclonal antibody from infected mice to a Schistosoma mansoni egg proteinase. J Immunol. 1983;130(1):1-3. PMID 6336621.
Perrin C, Lepesant JMJ, Roger E, Duval D, Fneich S, Thuillier V. Schistosoma mansoni mucin gene (SmPoMuc) expression: epigenetic control to shape adaptation to a new. Host PLOS Pathol. 2018;9(8):135-71.
Yoshino TP, Brown M, Wu XJ, Jackson CJ, Ocadiz-Ruiz R, Chalmers IW et al. Excreted/secreted Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like 9 (SmVAL9) modulates host extracellular matrix remodelling gene expression. Int J Parasitol. 2014;44(8):551-63.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.04.002, PMID 24859313.
Taft AS, Vermeire JJ, Bernier J, Birkeland SR, Cipriano MJ, Papa AR et al. Transcriptome analysis of Schistosoma mansoni larval development using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Parasitology. 2009;136(5):469-85.
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182009005733, PMID 19265565.
Zahoor Z, Davies AJ, Kirk RS, Rollinson D, Walker AJ. Larval excretorysecretory products from the parasite Schistosoma mansoni modulate HSP70 protein expression in defence cells of its snail host, Biomphalaria glabrata. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2020;15(5):639-50.
Capron A, Biguet J, Rose F, Vernes A. The antigens of Schistosoma mansoni. II. Comparative immunoelectrophoretic study on various larval stages and of adults of both sexes. Immunological aspects of the host-parasite relationships of S. mansoni cercaria and adults. Ann Inst Pasteur. 2015;109(5):798-810.
Yoshino TP, Cheng TC. Snail Host-Like Antigens Associated with the Surface Membranes of Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia. J Parasitol. 2018;64(4):752-4.
Lehr T, Frank S, Natsuka S, Geyer H, Beuerlein K, Doenhoff MJ. NGlycosylation patterns of hemolymph glycoproteins from Biomphalaria glabrata strains expressing different susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection. Exp Parasitol. 2018;126(4):592-602.
Mitchell KM, Mutapi F, Savill NJ, Woolhouse MEJ. Protective immunity to Schistosoma haematobium infection is primarily an anti-fecundity response stimulated by the death of adult worms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(33):13347-52.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121051109, PMID 22847410.
Yousef H, Sharma S. Anatomy, skin (integument), epidermis. State pearls: state pearls publishing. 2018;177:225-7.
Ittiprasert W, Mann VH, Karinshak SE, Coghlan A, Rinaldi G, Sankaranarayanan G. Programmed genome editing of the omega-1 ribonuclease of the blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. E-life. 2019;8:e41337.
Castro-Borges W, Dowle A, Curwen RS, Thomas-Oates J, Wilson RA. Enzymatic shaving of the tegument surface of live schistosomes for proteomic analysis: A rational approach to select vaccine candidates. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(3):e993.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000993, PMID 21468311.
Berhe N, Medhin G, Erko B, Smith T, Gedamu S, Bereded D et al. Variations in helminth faecal egg counts in Kato-Katz thick smears and their implications in assessing infection status with Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop. 2004;92(3):205-12.
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.06.011, PMID 15533288.
Castro-Borges W, Dowle A, Curwen RS, Thomas-Oates J, Wilson RA. Enzymatic shaving of the tegument surface of live schistosomes for proteomic analysis: a rational approach to select vaccine candidates. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(3):e993.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000993, PMID 21468311.
Yoshino TP, Brown M, Wu XJ, Jackson CJ, Ocadiz-Ruiz R, Chalmers IW et al. Excreted/secreted Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like 9 (SmVAL9) modulates host extracellular matrix remodelling gene expression. Int J Parasitol. 2014;44(8):551-63.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.04.002, PMID 24859313.
Connors VA, Lodes MJ, Yoshino TP. Identification of a Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst excretory-secretory antioxidant molecule and its effect on superoxide production by Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes. J Invertebr Pathol. 1991;58(3):387-95.
DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90185-s, PMID 1664845.
Berriman M, Haas BJ, Loverde PT, Wilson RA, Dillon GP, Cerqueira GC et al. The genome of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Nature. 2009;460(7253):352-8.
DOI: 10.1038/nature08160, PMID 19606141.
Riveau G, Schacht AM, Dompnier JP, Deplanque D, Seck M, Waucquier N et al. Safety and efficacy of the rSh28GSTurinary schistosomiasis vaccine: a phase 3 randomized, controlled trial in Senegalese children. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(12):e0006968.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006968, PMID 30532268.
Fernandes RS, Barbosa TC, Barbosa MMF, Miyasato PA, Nakano E, Leite LCC et al. Stage and tissue expression patterns of Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like proteins SmVAL 4, 13, 16 and 24. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):223.
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2144-2, PMID 28482920.
Kelleher A, Darwiche R, Rezende WC, Farias LP, Leite LCC, Schneiter R. Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like protein 4 (SmVAL4) is a novel lipid-binding SCP/TAPS protein that lacks the prototypical CAP motifs. Acta Crystallogr D. 2015;71(8):1022-9.
Fernandes RS, Fernandes LGV, de Godoy AS, Miyasato PA, Nakano E, Farias LP et al. Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like protein 18 (SmVAL18) is a plasminogen-binding protein secreted during the early stages of mammalian-host infection. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2018;221:23-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.02.003, PMID 29477861.
Dinguirard N, Cavalcanti MGS, Wu XJ, Bickham-Wright U, Sabat G, Yoshino TP. Proteomic analysis of Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes during in vitroencapsulation of Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2773.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02773, PMID 30555466.
Hambrook JR, Kaboré AL, Pila EA, Hanington PC. A metalloprotease produced by larval Schistosoma mansoni facilitates infection establishment and maintenance in the snail host by interfering with immune cell function. PLoS Pathog. PLoS Pathology. 2018;14(10):e1007393.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007393, PMID 30372490.
Lodes MJ. Yoshino’ TP. J Invertebr Pathol. The Effect of Schistosome Excretory-Secretory Products on Biomphalaria glabrata Hemocyte Motility. 2019;56(1):75-85.
Roger E, Gourbal B, Grunau C, Pierce RJ, Galinier R, Mitta G. Expression analysis of highly polymorphic mucin proteins (Sm PoMuc) from the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008;157(2):217-27.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.11.015, PMID 18187213.
McKerrow JH, Salter J. Invasion of skin by Schistosoma cercariae. Trends Parasitol. 2002;18(5):193-5.
DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4922(02)02309-7, PMID 11983589.
Curwen RS, Ashton PD, Sundaralingam S, Wilson RA. Identification of novel proteases and immunomodulators in the secretions of schistosome cercariae that facilitate Host Entry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006;5(5):835-44.
DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M500313-MCP200.
Ghendler Y, Parizade M, Arnon R, McKerrow JH, Fishelson Z. Schistosoma mansoni: evidence for a 28-kDa membrane-anchored protease on schistosomula. Exp Parasitol. 1996;83(1):73-82.
DOI: 10.1006/expr.1996.0051, PMID 8654554.
Mashiyama ST, Braschi S, Sajid M, Knudsen GM, Hansell E. Dvorǎ ́k J. J Biochem. 2019. Differential use of protease families for invasion by schistosome cercariae;90(2):345-58.
Liu M, Ju C, Du XF, Shen HM, Wang JP, Li J et al. Proteomic analysis on cercariae and schistosomula in reference to potential proteases involved in host invasion of Schistosoma japonicum larvae. J Proteome Res. 2015;14(11):4623-34.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00465, PMID 26370134.
Salter JP, Lim KC, Hansell E, Hsieh I, McKerrow JH. Schistosome invasion of human skin and degradation of dermal elastin are mediated by a single serine protease. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(49): 38667-73.
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M006997200, PMID 10993899.
Crosnier C, Hokke CH, Protasio AV, Brandt C, Rinaldi G, Langenberg MCC. Screening of a library of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni proteins with sera from murine and human controlled infections identifies early serological markers. J Infect Dis. 2020;3(2):1-12.
Hu S, Wu Z, Yang L, Fung MC. (20019). Molecular cloning and expression of a functional anti-inflammatory protein, Sj16, of Schistosoma japonicum. Int J Parasitol. 2009;39(2):191-200.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.017, PMID 18804475.
Sun XJ, Li R, Sun X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu XJ et al. Unique roles of Schistosoma japonicum protein Sj16 to induce IFN-g and IL-10 producing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. Parasite Immunol. 2012;34(8-9):430- 9.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01377.x, PMID 22712636.
Chen J, Hu X, He S, Wang L, Hu D, Wang X. Expression and immune response analysis of Schistosoma japonicum VAL-1, a homologue of vespid venom allergens. Parasitological Res. 2017;106(6):1413-8.
Kumar P, Ramaswamy K. Vaccination with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni preferentially induced the accumulation of interferon-g producing T cells in the skin and skin draining lymph nodes of mice. Parasitol Int. 2019;48(2):109-19.
Ramaswamy K, Kumar P, He YX. A role for parasite-induced PGE 2 IL-10- Mediated Host Immunoregulation by Skin Stage Schistosomula of Schistosoma Mansoni. J Immunol. 2020;165(8):4567-74.
Riveau G, Deplanque D, Remoué F, Schacht AM, Vodougnon H, Capron M et al. Safety and immunogenicity of rSh28GST antigen in humans:phase 1 randomized clinical study of a vaccine candidate against urinary schistosomiasis. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1704.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001704, PMID 22802974.
Hockley DJ, McLaren DJ. Schistosoma mansoni: changes in the outer membrane of the tegument during development from cercaria to adult worm. Int J Parasitol. 1973;3(1):13-25.
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(73)90004-0, PMID 4687430.
Deng J, Gold D, LoVerde PT, Fishelson Z. Inhibition of the complement membrane attack complex by Schistosoma mansoni Paramyosin. infection immunology. 2016;71(11):6402-10.
Figueiredo BC, Da’dara AA, Oliveira SC, Skelly PJ. Schistosomes enhance plasminogen activation: the role of tegumental enolase. PLoS Pathog. PLoS Pathology. 2015;11(12):e1005335.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005335, PMID 26658895.
Everts B, Hussaarts L, Driessen NN, Meevissen MHJ, Schramm G, van der Ham AJ et al. Schistosome-derived omega-1 drives Th2 polarization by suppressing protein synthesis following internalization by the mannose receptor. J Exp Med. 2012;209(10):1753-67. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111381, PMID 22966004.
Lambeth TR, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Julian RR. A two-trick pony: lysosomal protease cathepsin B possesses surprising ligase activity. Royal Society of chemical Biology. 2021;2(2):606-11.
Vigneswaran N, Zhao W, Dassanayake A, Muller S, Miller DM, Zacharias W. Variable expression of cathepsin B and D correlates with highly invasive and metastatic phenotype of oral cancer. Hum Pathol. 2018;31(8):931-7.
Alapati K, Kesanakurti D, Rao JS, Dasari VR. uPAR and cathepsin B-mediated compartmentalization of JNK regulates the migration of glioma-initiating cells. Stem Cell Res. 2014;12(3):716-29.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.02.008, PMID 24699410.
Mort JS, Buttle DJ. Cathepsin B. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997;29(5):715-20.
DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00152-5, PMID 9251238.
Kirschke H, Barrett AJ, Rawlings ND. Proteinases 1: lysosomal cysteine proteinases [journal]. Protein Profile. 1995;2(14):1581-643. PMID 8771190.
Ricciardi A, Dalton JP, Ndao M. Evaluation of the immune response and protective efficacy of Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B in mice using CpG dinucleotides as adjuvant. Vaccine. 2015;33(2):346-53.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.016, PMID 25448114.
Soloviova K, Fox EC, Dalton JP, Caffrey CR, Davies SJ. A secreted schistosome cathepsin B1 cysteine protease and acute schistosome infection induce a transient T helper 17 response. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(1):e0007070.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007070, PMID 30653492.
Tallima H, Abou El Dahab M, Kareem S, Dalton JP, El Ridi R. Protection against Schistosoma haematobium infection in hamsters by immunization with Schistosoma mansonigutderived cysteine peptidases, SmCB1 and SmCL3. Vaccine. 2017;35(50):6977-83.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.069, PMID 29122387.´ A. Rubešová P, Fanfrlík J, Fajtová P. Rˇ eza´cˇova´ P, Brynda J, Lepsˇ´ık M, Mertlı´kova´-Kaiserova´ H. Emal CD, Renslo AR, Roush WR, Horn M, Caffrey CR, Mareš M. Druggable hot spots in the schistosomiasis cathepsin B1 target identified by functional and binding mode analysis of potent vinyl sulfone inhibitors. Infect Dis. 2020;3(2):127-35.
El Ridi R, Tallima H, Dalton JP, Donnelly S. Induction of protective immune responses against schistosomiasis using functionally active cysteine peptidases. Front Genet. 2014;5:119. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00119, PMID 24847355.
Kifle DW, Pearson MS, Becker L, Pickering D, Loukas A, Sotillo J. Proteomic analysis of two populations of Schistosoma mansoni-derived extracellular vesicles: 15 k pellet and 120 k pellet vesicles. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2020;236:111-24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111264.
Correnti JM, Brindley PJ, Pearce EJ. Long-term suppression of cathepsin B levels by RNA interference retards schistosome growth. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2005;143(2):209-15.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.06.007, PMID 16076506.
Dalton JP, Clough KA, Jones MK, Brindley PJ. The cysteine proteinases of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Parasitology. 1997;114(2):105-12.
DOI: 10.1017/s003118209600830x, PMID 9051919.
Sotillo J, Pearson M, Potriquet J, Becker L, Pickering D, Mulvenna J et al. Extracellular vesicles secreted by Schistosoma mansoni contain protein vaccine candidates. Int J Parasitol. 2016;46(1):1-5.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.09.002, PMID 26460238.
Samoil V, Dagenais M, Ganapathy V, Aldridge J, Glebov A, Jardim A et al. Vesicle-based secretion in schistosomes: analysis of protein and microRNA (miRNA) content of 650 exosome-like vesicles derived from Schistosoma mansoni. Sci Republications. 2018;8(7):25-7.
Young ND, Jex AR, Li B, Liu S, Yang L, Xiong Z et al. Whole genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium. Nat Genet. 2012;44(2):221-5.
DOI: 10.1038/ng.1065, PMID 22246508.
Morales ME, Rinaldi G, Gobert GN, Kines KJ, Tort JF, Brindley PJ. RNA interference of Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin D, the apical enzyme of the hemoglobin proteolysis cascade. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008;157(2):160-8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.10.009, PMID 18067980.
Criscione CV, Hirai LL, LoVerde H, Anderson TJC. Genomic linkage map of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Genome Biol. 2019;10(6):134-41.
Castro-Borges W, Dowle A, Curwen RS, Thomas-Oates J, Wilson RA. Enzymatic shaving of the tegument surface of live schistosomes for proteomic analysis: a rational approach to select vaccine candidates. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(3):e993.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000993, PMID 21468311.
Pacifico LGG, Fonseca CT, Barsante MM, Cardoso LS, Araujo MI, Oliveira SC. Aluminum hydroxide asso- ’ciated to Schistosoma mansoni 22.6-kDa protein abrogates partial protection against experimental infection but not alter interleukin-10 production,’. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016;101(1):365-8.
Markakpo US, Armah GE, Fobil JN, Asmah RH, Anim-Baidoo I, Dodoo AK et al. Immunolocalization of the 29 kDa Schistosoma haematobium species-specific antigen: a potential diagnostic marker for urinary schistosomiasis. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:198.
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0931-y, PMID 25927905.
Pluchino S, Smith JA. Explicating exosomes: reclassifying the rising stars of intercellular communication. Cell. 2019;177(2):225-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.020, PMID 30951665.
Tebeje BM, Harvie M, You H, Loukas A, McManus DP. Schistosomiasis vaccines: where do we stand? Parasit Vectors. 2016;9(1):528.
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1799-4, PMID 27716365.
Mo AX, Agosti JM, Walson JL, Hall BF, Gordon L. Schistosomiasis elimination strategies and potential role of a vaccine in achieving global health goals. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90(1):54-60.
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0467, PMID 24402703.
Alsallaq RA, Gurarie D, Ndeffo Mbah M, Galvani A, King C. Quantitative assessment of the impact of partially protective anti-schistosomiasis vaccines. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(4):e0005544.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005544, PMID 28410369.
Capron A, Riveau G, Capron M, Trottein F. Schistosomes: the road from host-parasite interactions to vaccines in clinical trials. Trends Parasitol. 2005;21(3):143-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2005.01.003, PMID 15734662.
Le L, Molehin AJ, Nash S, Sennoune SR, Ahmad G, Torben W et al. Schistosoma egg-induced liver pathology resolution by Sm-p80-basedschistosomiasis vaccine in baboons. Pathology. 2018;50(4):442- 9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.01.004, PMID 29739616.
McManus DP, Loukas A. Current status of vaccines for schistosomiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008;21(1):225-42.
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00046-07, PMID 18202444.
Sotillo J, Pearson M, Becker L, Mulvenna J, Loukas A. A quantitative proteomic analysis of the tegumental proteins from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula reveals novel potential therapeutic targets. Int J Parasitol. 2015;45(8):505-16.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.03.004, PMID 25910674.
Bear JW, Long T, Skinner D, McKerrow JH. Predictions of novel Schistosoma mansoni- human protein interactions consistent with experimental data. Sci Republication. 2018;8:1-14.
Alves CC, Araujo N, Bernardes WPdOS, Mendes MM, Oliveira SC, Fonseca CT. A strong humoral immune response induced 570 Journal of Parasites and Diseases (April-June 2021) 45(2): 557-580 123 by a vaccine formulation containing rSm29 adsorbed to alum is associated with protection against Schistosoma mansoni reinfection in mice. Front Immunol. 2018;9: 2488.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02488.
Eyayu T, Zeleke AJ, Worku L. Current status and future prospects of protein vaccine candidates against Schistosoma mansoni infection. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;11:e00176.
DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00176, PMID 32923703.
Badr AM, Al-Halbosiy MMF, El Ridi R. Differential immune responses to excretory–secretory antigens of lung-stage larvae of Schistosoma mansoni in mice and rats. J Basic Appl Zool. 2015;69:26-33.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobaz.2014.12.002.
Chen L, Rao KVN, He YX, Ramaswamy K. Skin-stage schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni produce an apoptosis-inducing factor that can cause apoptosis of T cells. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(37):34329-35.
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M201344200, PMID 12107158.
Montresor A. Arithmetic or geometric means of eggs per gram are not appropriate indicators to estimate the impact of control measures in helminth infections. Transitional R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2019;101:773-6.
Di Bella S, Riccardi N, Giacobbe DR, Luzzati R. HiStory of schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) in humans: from Egyptian medical papyri to molecular biology on mummies. Pathog Glob Health. 2018;112(5):268-73.
DOI:10.1080/20477724.2018.1495357, PMID 30016215.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp0808041, PMID 19129524.
Colley DG, Secor WE. Immunology of human schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol. 2014;36(8):347-57.
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12087.
Greenberg RM. New approaches for understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in schistosomes. Parasitology. 2013;140(12):1534-46.
DOI:10.1017/S0031182013000231, PMID 23552512.
Kasinathan RS, Morgan WM, Greenberg RM. Genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of parasite multidrug resistance transporters disrupts egg production in Schistosoma mansoni. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(12):1425.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001425.
Hotez PJ, Kamath A. Neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(8): e412.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412, PMID 19707588.
Müller JT, Coulibaly T, Fürst I. Effect of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections on physical fitness of school children in Côte d’Ivoire. PLOS Negl Tropical Dis. 2011; 5:12-39.
Butterworth P, Demeure CE, Bourgois A, Prata A, Dessein AJ. Evidence for an association between human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni and high anti-larval IgE levels. European J Immunol. 2016;21:2679-86.
Smithers DW, Gammage TJ. The isolation of a 22 kDa band after SDS-PAGE ofnSchistosoma mansoni adult worms and its use to demonstrate that IgE responses against the antigen(s) it contains are associated with human resistance to reinfection. Parasite Immunol. 2010;19:79-89.
Terry KC. Genetic diversity of a population of Schistosoma haematobium derived from schoolchildren in east central Zimbabwe. J Parasitol. 2014;87(4):762-9.
Hamburger J, Lustigman S, Siongok TK, Ouma JH, Mahmoud AA. Characterization of a purified glycoprotein from Schistosoma mansoni eggs: specificity, stability, and the involvement of carbohydrate and peptide moieties in its serologic activity. J Immunol. 1982;128(4):1864-9. PMID 6174618.
Delves PJ, Martin SJ, Burton DR, Roitt IM. Roitt’s essential immunology. 13th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2017;85. 201-17.
Kotsias F, Cebrian I, Alloatti A. Antigen processing and presentation. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2019;348:69-121.
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.005, PMID 31810556.
Kapingidza AB, Kowal K, Chruszcz M. Antigen-antibody complexes. Subcell Biochem. 2020;94:465-97.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_19, PMID 32189312.
Laura S, Berendam Stella J, Engelhard Victor H. The antigen processing and presentation machinery in lymphatic endothelial cells. Front Immunol. 2019;10(17):225-7.
Saylor K, Gillam F, Lohneis T, Zhang C. Designs of antigen structure and composition for improved protein-based vaccine efficacy. Front Immunol. 2020;10(6):279-83.
Hambrook JR, Hanington PC. Immune evasion strategies of schistosomes. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:624178.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624178, PMID 33613562.
Liu F, Lu J, Hu W. New perspectives on host-parasite interplay by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of Schistosoma japonicum. PLOS Pathol. 2016; 2:29-36.
Hokke CH, Fitzpatrick JM, Hoffmann KF. Integrating transcriptome, proteome and glycome analyses of Schistosoma biology. Trends Parasitol. 2007;23(4):165-74.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2007.02.007, PMID 17336161.
Chitsulo L, LoVerde P, Engels D. Schistosomiasis. National review in. Microbiology. 2014; 2:12-3.
Wilkins HA, Goll PH, Marshall TF, Moore PJ. Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a Gambian community. III. Acquisition and loss of infection. Transm Res Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014;78:227-32.
Knopp S, Ame SM, Person B, Hattendorf J, Rabone M, Juma S et al. A 5-year intervention study on elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: parasitological results of annual cross-sectional surveys. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(5):e0007268.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007268, PMID 31059495.
Pennington LF, Alouffi A, Mbanefo EC, Ray D, Heery DM, Jardetzky TS et al. H-IPSE is a pathogen-secreted host nucleus-infiltrating protein (Infiltrin) expressed exclusively by the Schistosoma haematobium egg stage. Infect Immun. 2017;85(12):e00301-317.
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00301-17, PMID 28923894.
Pearson MS, Pickering DA, McSorley HJ. Enhanced protective efficacy of a chimeric form of the schistosomiasis vaccine antigen Sm-TSP-2. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;6:55-64.
Tanigawa C, Fujii Y, Miura M, Nzou SM, Mwangi AW, Nagi S et al. Species-specific serological detection for schistosomiasis by serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) in multiplex assay. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(8):e0004021.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004021, PMID 26291988.
Gaze S, Driguez P, Pearson MS, Mendes T, Doolan DL, Trieu A et al. An immunomics approach to schistosome antigen discovery: antibody signatures of naturally resistant and chronically infected individuals from endemic areas. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(3):e1004033.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004033, PMID 24675823.
Driguez P, Li Y, Gaze S. Antibody signatures reflect different disease pathologies in patients with schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium. J Infecioust Dis. 2016;213:122-30.
Chen Q, Zhang J, Zheng T, Chen H, Nie H, Zheng B et al. The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, grading and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12(1):611.
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3866-0, PMID 31888743.
Cook RM, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Wilding G, LoVerde PT. Nucleic acid vaccination with Schistosoma mansoni antioxidant enzyme cytosolic superoxide dismutase and the structural protein filamin confers protection against the adult worm stage. Infect Immun. 2004;72(10):6112-24.
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.10.6112-6124.2004, PMID 15385516.
Colley DG, Cook JA, Freeman GL, Jr, Bartholomew RK, Jordan P. Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. I. In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses to heterogeneous antigenic preparations from schistosome eggs, worms and cercariae. Int Allergy Appl Immunol. 2017;53:420-33.
Dresden MH, Sung CK, Deelder AM. A monoclonal antibody from infected mice to a Schistosoma mansoni egg proteinase. J Immunol. 1983;130(1):1-3. PMID 6336621.
Perrin C, Lepesant JMJ, Roger E, Duval D, Fneich S, Thuillier V. Schistosoma mansoni mucin gene (SmPoMuc) expression: epigenetic control to shape adaptation to a new. Host PLOS Pathol. 2018;9(8):135-71.
Yoshino TP, Brown M, Wu XJ, Jackson CJ, Ocadiz-Ruiz R, Chalmers IW et al. Excreted/secreted Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like 9 (SmVAL9) modulates host extracellular matrix remodelling gene expression. Int J Parasitol. 2014;44(8):551-63.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.04.002, PMID 24859313.
Taft AS, Vermeire JJ, Bernier J, Birkeland SR, Cipriano MJ, Papa AR et al. Transcriptome analysis of Schistosoma mansoni larval development using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Parasitology. 2009;136(5):469-85.
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182009005733, PMID 19265565.
Zahoor Z, Davies AJ, Kirk RS, Rollinson D, Walker AJ. Larval excretorysecretory products from the parasite Schistosoma mansoni modulate HSP70 protein expression in defence cells of its snail host, Biomphalaria glabrata. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2020;15(5):639-50.
Capron A, Biguet J, Rose F, Vernes A. The antigens of Schistosoma mansoni. II. Comparative immunoelectrophoretic study on various larval stages and of adults of both sexes. Immunological aspects of the host-parasite relationships of S. mansoni cercaria and adults. Ann Inst Pasteur. 2015;109(5):798-810.
Yoshino TP, Cheng TC. Snail Host-Like Antigens Associated with the Surface Membranes of Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia. J Parasitol. 2018;64(4):752-4.
Lehr T, Frank S, Natsuka S, Geyer H, Beuerlein K, Doenhoff MJ. NGlycosylation patterns of hemolymph glycoproteins from Biomphalaria glabrata strains expressing different susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection. Exp Parasitol. 2018;126(4):592-602.
Mitchell KM, Mutapi F, Savill NJ, Woolhouse MEJ. Protective immunity to Schistosoma haematobium infection is primarily an anti-fecundity response stimulated by the death of adult worms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(33):13347-52.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121051109, PMID 22847410.
Yousef H, Sharma S. Anatomy, skin (integument), epidermis. State pearls: state pearls publishing. 2018;177:225-7.
Ittiprasert W, Mann VH, Karinshak SE, Coghlan A, Rinaldi G, Sankaranarayanan G. Programmed genome editing of the omega-1 ribonuclease of the blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. E-life. 2019;8:e41337.
Castro-Borges W, Dowle A, Curwen RS, Thomas-Oates J, Wilson RA. Enzymatic shaving of the tegument surface of live schistosomes for proteomic analysis: A rational approach to select vaccine candidates. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(3):e993.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000993, PMID 21468311.
Berhe N, Medhin G, Erko B, Smith T, Gedamu S, Bereded D et al. Variations in helminth faecal egg counts in Kato-Katz thick smears and their implications in assessing infection status with Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop. 2004;92(3):205-12.
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.06.011, PMID 15533288.
Castro-Borges W, Dowle A, Curwen RS, Thomas-Oates J, Wilson RA. Enzymatic shaving of the tegument surface of live schistosomes for proteomic analysis: a rational approach to select vaccine candidates. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(3):e993.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000993, PMID 21468311.
Yoshino TP, Brown M, Wu XJ, Jackson CJ, Ocadiz-Ruiz R, Chalmers IW et al. Excreted/secreted Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like 9 (SmVAL9) modulates host extracellular matrix remodelling gene expression. Int J Parasitol. 2014;44(8):551-63.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.04.002, PMID 24859313.
Connors VA, Lodes MJ, Yoshino TP. Identification of a Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst excretory-secretory antioxidant molecule and its effect on superoxide production by Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes. J Invertebr Pathol. 1991;58(3):387-95.
DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90185-s, PMID 1664845.
Berriman M, Haas BJ, Loverde PT, Wilson RA, Dillon GP, Cerqueira GC et al. The genome of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Nature. 2009;460(7253):352-8.
DOI: 10.1038/nature08160, PMID 19606141.
Riveau G, Schacht AM, Dompnier JP, Deplanque D, Seck M, Waucquier N et al. Safety and efficacy of the rSh28GSTurinary schistosomiasis vaccine: a phase 3 randomized, controlled trial in Senegalese children. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(12):e0006968.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006968, PMID 30532268.
Fernandes RS, Barbosa TC, Barbosa MMF, Miyasato PA, Nakano E, Leite LCC et al. Stage and tissue expression patterns of Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like proteins SmVAL 4, 13, 16 and 24. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):223.
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2144-2, PMID 28482920.
Kelleher A, Darwiche R, Rezende WC, Farias LP, Leite LCC, Schneiter R. Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like protein 4 (SmVAL4) is a novel lipid-binding SCP/TAPS protein that lacks the prototypical CAP motifs. Acta Crystallogr D. 2015;71(8):1022-9.
Fernandes RS, Fernandes LGV, de Godoy AS, Miyasato PA, Nakano E, Farias LP et al. Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like protein 18 (SmVAL18) is a plasminogen-binding protein secreted during the early stages of mammalian-host infection. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2018;221:23-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.02.003, PMID 29477861.
Dinguirard N, Cavalcanti MGS, Wu XJ, Bickham-Wright U, Sabat G, Yoshino TP. Proteomic analysis of Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes during in vitroencapsulation of Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2773.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02773, PMID 30555466.
Hambrook JR, Kaboré AL, Pila EA, Hanington PC. A metalloprotease produced by larval Schistosoma mansoni facilitates infection establishment and maintenance in the snail host by interfering with immune cell function. PLoS Pathog. PLoS Pathology. 2018;14(10):e1007393.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007393, PMID 30372490.
Lodes MJ. Yoshino’ TP. J Invertebr Pathol. The Effect of Schistosome Excretory-Secretory Products on Biomphalaria glabrata Hemocyte Motility. 2019;56(1):75-85.
Roger E, Gourbal B, Grunau C, Pierce RJ, Galinier R, Mitta G. Expression analysis of highly polymorphic mucin proteins (Sm PoMuc) from the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008;157(2):217-27.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.11.015, PMID 18187213.
McKerrow JH, Salter J. Invasion of skin by Schistosoma cercariae. Trends Parasitol. 2002;18(5):193-5.
DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4922(02)02309-7, PMID 11983589.
Curwen RS, Ashton PD, Sundaralingam S, Wilson RA. Identification of novel proteases and immunomodulators in the secretions of schistosome cercariae that facilitate Host Entry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006;5(5):835-44.
DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M500313-MCP200.
Ghendler Y, Parizade M, Arnon R, McKerrow JH, Fishelson Z. Schistosoma mansoni: evidence for a 28-kDa membrane-anchored protease on schistosomula. Exp Parasitol. 1996;83(1):73-82.
DOI: 10.1006/expr.1996.0051, PMID 8654554.
Mashiyama ST, Braschi S, Sajid M, Knudsen GM, Hansell E. Dvorǎ ́k J. J Biochem. 2019. Differential use of protease families for invasion by schistosome cercariae;90(2):345-58.
Liu M, Ju C, Du XF, Shen HM, Wang JP, Li J et al. Proteomic analysis on cercariae and schistosomula in reference to potential proteases involved in host invasion of Schistosoma japonicum larvae. J Proteome Res. 2015;14(11):4623-34.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00465, PMID 26370134.
Salter JP, Lim KC, Hansell E, Hsieh I, McKerrow JH. Schistosome invasion of human skin and degradation of dermal elastin are mediated by a single serine protease. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(49): 38667-73.
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M006997200, PMID 10993899.
Crosnier C, Hokke CH, Protasio AV, Brandt C, Rinaldi G, Langenberg MCC. Screening of a library of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni proteins with sera from murine and human controlled infections identifies early serological markers. J Infect Dis. 2020;3(2):1-12.
Hu S, Wu Z, Yang L, Fung MC. (20019). Molecular cloning and expression of a functional anti-inflammatory protein, Sj16, of Schistosoma japonicum. Int J Parasitol. 2009;39(2):191-200.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.017, PMID 18804475.
Sun XJ, Li R, Sun X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu XJ et al. Unique roles of Schistosoma japonicum protein Sj16 to induce IFN-g and IL-10 producing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. Parasite Immunol. 2012;34(8-9):430- 9.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01377.x, PMID 22712636.
Chen J, Hu X, He S, Wang L, Hu D, Wang X. Expression and immune response analysis of Schistosoma japonicum VAL-1, a homologue of vespid venom allergens. Parasitological Res. 2017;106(6):1413-8.
Kumar P, Ramaswamy K. Vaccination with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni preferentially induced the accumulation of interferon-g producing T cells in the skin and skin draining lymph nodes of mice. Parasitol Int. 2019;48(2):109-19.
Ramaswamy K, Kumar P, He YX. A role for parasite-induced PGE 2 IL-10- Mediated Host Immunoregulation by Skin Stage Schistosomula of Schistosoma Mansoni. J Immunol. 2020;165(8):4567-74.
Riveau G, Deplanque D, Remoué F, Schacht AM, Vodougnon H, Capron M et al. Safety and immunogenicity of rSh28GST antigen in humans:phase 1 randomized clinical study of a vaccine candidate against urinary schistosomiasis. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1704.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001704, PMID 22802974.
Hockley DJ, McLaren DJ. Schistosoma mansoni: changes in the outer membrane of the tegument during development from cercaria to adult worm. Int J Parasitol. 1973;3(1):13-25.
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(73)90004-0, PMID 4687430.
Deng J, Gold D, LoVerde PT, Fishelson Z. Inhibition of the complement membrane attack complex by Schistosoma mansoni Paramyosin. infection immunology. 2016;71(11):6402-10.
Figueiredo BC, Da’dara AA, Oliveira SC, Skelly PJ. Schistosomes enhance plasminogen activation: the role of tegumental enolase. PLoS Pathog. PLoS Pathology. 2015;11(12):e1005335.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005335, PMID 26658895.
Everts B, Hussaarts L, Driessen NN, Meevissen MHJ, Schramm G, van der Ham AJ et al. Schistosome-derived omega-1 drives Th2 polarization by suppressing protein synthesis following internalization by the mannose receptor. J Exp Med. 2012;209(10):1753-67. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111381, PMID 22966004.
Lambeth TR, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Julian RR. A two-trick pony: lysosomal protease cathepsin B possesses surprising ligase activity. Royal Society of chemical Biology. 2021;2(2):606-11.
Vigneswaran N, Zhao W, Dassanayake A, Muller S, Miller DM, Zacharias W. Variable expression of cathepsin B and D correlates with highly invasive and metastatic phenotype of oral cancer. Hum Pathol. 2018;31(8):931-7.
Alapati K, Kesanakurti D, Rao JS, Dasari VR. uPAR and cathepsin B-mediated compartmentalization of JNK regulates the migration of glioma-initiating cells. Stem Cell Res. 2014;12(3):716-29.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.02.008, PMID 24699410.
Mort JS, Buttle DJ. Cathepsin B. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997;29(5):715-20.
DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00152-5, PMID 9251238.
Kirschke H, Barrett AJ, Rawlings ND. Proteinases 1: lysosomal cysteine proteinases [journal]. Protein Profile. 1995;2(14):1581-643. PMID 8771190.
Ricciardi A, Dalton JP, Ndao M. Evaluation of the immune response and protective efficacy of Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B in mice using CpG dinucleotides as adjuvant. Vaccine. 2015;33(2):346-53.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.016, PMID 25448114.
Soloviova K, Fox EC, Dalton JP, Caffrey CR, Davies SJ. A secreted schistosome cathepsin B1 cysteine protease and acute schistosome infection induce a transient T helper 17 response. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(1):e0007070.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007070, PMID 30653492.
Tallima H, Abou El Dahab M, Kareem S, Dalton JP, El Ridi R. Protection against Schistosoma haematobium infection in hamsters by immunization with Schistosoma mansonigutderived cysteine peptidases, SmCB1 and SmCL3. Vaccine. 2017;35(50):6977-83.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.069, PMID 29122387.´ A. Rubešová P, Fanfrlík J, Fajtová P. Rˇ eza´cˇova´ P, Brynda J, Lepsˇ´ık M, Mertlı´kova´-Kaiserova´ H. Emal CD, Renslo AR, Roush WR, Horn M, Caffrey CR, Mareš M. Druggable hot spots in the schistosomiasis cathepsin B1 target identified by functional and binding mode analysis of potent vinyl sulfone inhibitors. Infect Dis. 2020;3(2):127-35.
El Ridi R, Tallima H, Dalton JP, Donnelly S. Induction of protective immune responses against schistosomiasis using functionally active cysteine peptidases. Front Genet. 2014;5:119. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00119, PMID 24847355.
Kifle DW, Pearson MS, Becker L, Pickering D, Loukas A, Sotillo J. Proteomic analysis of two populations of Schistosoma mansoni-derived extracellular vesicles: 15 k pellet and 120 k pellet vesicles. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2020;236:111-24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111264.
Correnti JM, Brindley PJ, Pearce EJ. Long-term suppression of cathepsin B levels by RNA interference retards schistosome growth. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2005;143(2):209-15.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.06.007, PMID 16076506.
Dalton JP, Clough KA, Jones MK, Brindley PJ. The cysteine proteinases of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Parasitology. 1997;114(2):105-12.
DOI: 10.1017/s003118209600830x, PMID 9051919.
Sotillo J, Pearson M, Potriquet J, Becker L, Pickering D, Mulvenna J et al. Extracellular vesicles secreted by Schistosoma mansoni contain protein vaccine candidates. Int J Parasitol. 2016;46(1):1-5.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.09.002, PMID 26460238.
Samoil V, Dagenais M, Ganapathy V, Aldridge J, Glebov A, Jardim A et al. Vesicle-based secretion in schistosomes: analysis of protein and microRNA (miRNA) content of 650 exosome-like vesicles derived from Schistosoma mansoni. Sci Republications. 2018;8(7):25-7.
Young ND, Jex AR, Li B, Liu S, Yang L, Xiong Z et al. Whole genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium. Nat Genet. 2012;44(2):221-5.
DOI: 10.1038/ng.1065, PMID 22246508.
Morales ME, Rinaldi G, Gobert GN, Kines KJ, Tort JF, Brindley PJ. RNA interference of Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin D, the apical enzyme of the hemoglobin proteolysis cascade. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008;157(2):160-8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.10.009, PMID 18067980.
Criscione CV, Hirai LL, LoVerde H, Anderson TJC. Genomic linkage map of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Genome Biol. 2019;10(6):134-41.
Castro-Borges W, Dowle A, Curwen RS, Thomas-Oates J, Wilson RA. Enzymatic shaving of the tegument surface of live schistosomes for proteomic analysis: a rational approach to select vaccine candidates. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(3):e993.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000993, PMID 21468311.
Pacifico LGG, Fonseca CT, Barsante MM, Cardoso LS, Araujo MI, Oliveira SC. Aluminum hydroxide asso- ’ciated to Schistosoma mansoni 22.6-kDa protein abrogates partial protection against experimental infection but not alter interleukin-10 production,’. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016;101(1):365-8.
Markakpo US, Armah GE, Fobil JN, Asmah RH, Anim-Baidoo I, Dodoo AK et al. Immunolocalization of the 29 kDa Schistosoma haematobium species-specific antigen: a potential diagnostic marker for urinary schistosomiasis. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:198.
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0931-y, PMID 25927905.
Pluchino S, Smith JA. Explicating exosomes: reclassifying the rising stars of intercellular communication. Cell. 2019;177(2):225-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.020, PMID 30951665.
Tebeje BM, Harvie M, You H, Loukas A, McManus DP. Schistosomiasis vaccines: where do we stand? Parasit Vectors. 2016;9(1):528.
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1799-4, PMID 27716365.
Mo AX, Agosti JM, Walson JL, Hall BF, Gordon L. Schistosomiasis elimination strategies and potential role of a vaccine in achieving global health goals. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90(1):54-60.
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0467, PMID 24402703.
Alsallaq RA, Gurarie D, Ndeffo Mbah M, Galvani A, King C. Quantitative assessment of the impact of partially protective anti-schistosomiasis vaccines. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(4):e0005544.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005544, PMID 28410369.
Capron A, Riveau G, Capron M, Trottein F. Schistosomes: the road from host-parasite interactions to vaccines in clinical trials. Trends Parasitol. 2005;21(3):143-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2005.01.003, PMID 15734662.
Le L, Molehin AJ, Nash S, Sennoune SR, Ahmad G, Torben W et al. Schistosoma egg-induced liver pathology resolution by Sm-p80-basedschistosomiasis vaccine in baboons. Pathology. 2018;50(4):442- 9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.01.004, PMID 29739616.
McManus DP, Loukas A. Current status of vaccines for schistosomiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008;21(1):225-42.
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00046-07, PMID 18202444.
Sotillo J, Pearson M, Becker L, Mulvenna J, Loukas A. A quantitative proteomic analysis of the tegumental proteins from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula reveals novel potential therapeutic targets. Int J Parasitol. 2015;45(8):505-16.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.03.004, PMID 25910674.
Bear JW, Long T, Skinner D, McKerrow JH. Predictions of novel Schistosoma mansoni- human protein interactions consistent with experimental data. Sci Republication. 2018;8:1-14.
Alves CC, Araujo N, Bernardes WPdOS, Mendes MM, Oliveira SC, Fonseca CT. A strong humoral immune response induced 570 Journal of Parasites and Diseases (April-June 2021) 45(2): 557-580 123 by a vaccine formulation containing rSm29 adsorbed to alum is associated with protection against Schistosoma mansoni reinfection in mice. Front Immunol. 2018;9: 2488.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02488.
Eyayu T, Zeleke AJ, Worku L. Current status and future prospects of protein vaccine candidates against Schistosoma mansoni infection. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;11:e00176.
DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00176, PMID 32923703.
Badr AM, Al-Halbosiy MMF, El Ridi R. Differential immune responses to excretory–secretory antigens of lung-stage larvae of Schistosoma mansoni in mice and rats. J Basic Appl Zool. 2015;69:26-33.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobaz.2014.12.002.
Chen L, Rao KVN, He YX, Ramaswamy K. Skin-stage schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni produce an apoptosis-inducing factor that can cause apoptosis of T cells. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(37):34329-35.
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M201344200, PMID 12107158.
Montresor A. Arithmetic or geometric means of eggs per gram are not appropriate indicators to estimate the impact of control measures in helminth infections. Transitional R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2019;101:773-6.
Di Bella S, Riccardi N, Giacobbe DR, Luzzati R. HiStory of schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) in humans: from Egyptian medical papyri to molecular biology on mummies. Pathog Glob Health. 2018;112(5):268-73.
DOI:10.1080/20477724.2018.1495357, PMID 30016215.
-
Abstract View: 51 times
PDF Download: 17 times
Download Statistics
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
