Review on the Bio-insecticidal Properties of Some Plant Secondary Metabolites: Types, Formulations, Modes of Action, Advantages and Limitations
Ukoroije, Rosemary Boate *
Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, P.O.Box 071, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Otayor, Richard Abalis
Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, P.O.Box 071, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Bio-pesticides are biological derived agents that are usually applied in a manner similar to synthetic pesticides but achieve pest management in an environmental friendly way. Bioinsecticides have the advantages of been reportedly eco-friendly both to man and the environment, are target specific, lack problem of residue, least persistent in environment, locally available, easily processed and inexpensive, though with the limitation of requiring repeated applications for the achievement of optimal control of insect pests while enhancing crop protection. The mode of action of bioinsecticides on insects includes repellent action, antifeedant activity, oviposition deterrent properties, growth and development inhibition, toxicity, attractants, sterility and death. Hence, bioinsecticides can be included in integrated pest management programs for crop protection and insect pest control. The review on biopesticidal properties of some plant secondary metabolites in the leaves, stems, bark, fruits, flowers, cloves, rhizomes, grains and seeds of plants and their interference with the growth, feeding, reproduction of insect pestsfor pest management has been elaborated.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, bioinsecticides oviposition, repellency.